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du145 pca cell line  (Human Protein Atlas)

 
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    Human Protein Atlas du145 pca cell line
    Effects of compound 3b and 4b in migration, cell cycle progression, and MDA accumulation in PCa cells. (a) Representative images of <t>DU145</t> cells migration upon scratch generation in a confluent monolayer. Time point 0 h (T = 0 h) or 60 h (T = 60 h) points post-incubation in presence of DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration, are shown. Scale bar = 100 µm. (b) Quantification of scratch area reduction over time normalised to the scratch area at T = 0 h. Wound healing was monitored at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h post-incubation with the indicated compounds. (c) Quantification of cell cycle distribution in DU145 cells treated with DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration for 24 h prior to cytofluorimetric analysis. The percentage of cells in each population is shown. (d) Total intracellular ALDH activity measured in DU145 cell lysates following pre-incubation with 20 µM 3b or 4b for 24 h at 37 °C. Cells were extensively washed prior to lysis to eliminate any non-covalently bound material. (e) Quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the same cell lysates. MDA concentration was measured and normalised to the total protein content of each sample, as determined by the Bradford assay. In all plots, error bars represent the standard deviation, and asterisks indicate statistical significance levels: p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.001 (***).
    Du145 Pca Cell Line, supplied by Human Protein Atlas, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/result/du145 pca cell line/product/Human Protein Atlas
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    du145 pca cell line - by Bioz Stars, 2026-06
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Targeting ALDH7A1 with covalent inhibitors reveals new chemical space for prostate cancer therapy"

    Article Title: Targeting ALDH7A1 with covalent inhibitors reveals new chemical space for prostate cancer therapy

    Journal: Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

    doi: 10.1080/14756366.2026.2664708

    Effects of compound 3b and 4b in migration, cell cycle progression, and MDA accumulation in PCa cells. (a) Representative images of DU145 cells migration upon scratch generation in a confluent monolayer. Time point 0 h (T = 0 h) or 60 h (T = 60 h) points post-incubation in presence of DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration, are shown. Scale bar = 100 µm. (b) Quantification of scratch area reduction over time normalised to the scratch area at T = 0 h. Wound healing was monitored at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h post-incubation with the indicated compounds. (c) Quantification of cell cycle distribution in DU145 cells treated with DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration for 24 h prior to cytofluorimetric analysis. The percentage of cells in each population is shown. (d) Total intracellular ALDH activity measured in DU145 cell lysates following pre-incubation with 20 µM 3b or 4b for 24 h at 37 °C. Cells were extensively washed prior to lysis to eliminate any non-covalently bound material. (e) Quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the same cell lysates. MDA concentration was measured and normalised to the total protein content of each sample, as determined by the Bradford assay. In all plots, error bars represent the standard deviation, and asterisks indicate statistical significance levels: p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.001 (***).
    Figure Legend Snippet: Effects of compound 3b and 4b in migration, cell cycle progression, and MDA accumulation in PCa cells. (a) Representative images of DU145 cells migration upon scratch generation in a confluent monolayer. Time point 0 h (T = 0 h) or 60 h (T = 60 h) points post-incubation in presence of DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration, are shown. Scale bar = 100 µm. (b) Quantification of scratch area reduction over time normalised to the scratch area at T = 0 h. Wound healing was monitored at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h post-incubation with the indicated compounds. (c) Quantification of cell cycle distribution in DU145 cells treated with DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration for 24 h prior to cytofluorimetric analysis. The percentage of cells in each population is shown. (d) Total intracellular ALDH activity measured in DU145 cell lysates following pre-incubation with 20 µM 3b or 4b for 24 h at 37 °C. Cells were extensively washed prior to lysis to eliminate any non-covalently bound material. (e) Quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the same cell lysates. MDA concentration was measured and normalised to the total protein content of each sample, as determined by the Bradford assay. In all plots, error bars represent the standard deviation, and asterisks indicate statistical significance levels: p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.001 (***).

    Techniques Used: Migration, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Lysis, Bradford Assay, Standard Deviation



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    du145 pca cell line  (Human Protein Atlas)
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    Human Protein Atlas du145 pca cell line
    Effects of compound 3b and 4b in migration, cell cycle progression, and MDA accumulation in PCa cells. (a) Representative images of <t>DU145</t> cells migration upon scratch generation in a confluent monolayer. Time point 0 h (T = 0 h) or 60 h (T = 60 h) points post-incubation in presence of DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration, are shown. Scale bar = 100 µm. (b) Quantification of scratch area reduction over time normalised to the scratch area at T = 0 h. Wound healing was monitored at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h post-incubation with the indicated compounds. (c) Quantification of cell cycle distribution in DU145 cells treated with DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration for 24 h prior to cytofluorimetric analysis. The percentage of cells in each population is shown. (d) Total intracellular ALDH activity measured in DU145 cell lysates following pre-incubation with 20 µM 3b or 4b for 24 h at 37 °C. Cells were extensively washed prior to lysis to eliminate any non-covalently bound material. (e) Quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the same cell lysates. MDA concentration was measured and normalised to the total protein content of each sample, as determined by the Bradford assay. In all plots, error bars represent the standard deviation, and asterisks indicate statistical significance levels: p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.001 (***).
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    CCM of M2 macrophages promotes migration and invasion of PCa cells. (A) Illustration of the strategy used to induce M0 and M2 macrophages in human leukemia monocytic THP‐1 cells. THP‐1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages by incubation with 100 ng/mL phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) for 48 h. M0 macrophages were polarized into M2 macrophages by culturing in 20 ng/mL IL‐4 and IL‐10 for 48 h. (B) Characterization of morphological changes in the course of differentiation from THP‐1 cells to M2 macrophages under a light microscope. Scale bars, 200 µm (100×), 100 µm (200×), 50 µm (400×). (C) ELISA revealed elevated levels of secretory TGF‐β, CCL22, and VEGFA in the CCM of M2 macrophages compared with those of M0 macrophages. (D) Evaluation of M2 macrophage‐associated protein markers by flow cytometry before and after differentiation. (E) Verification of classical M2‐associated genes by qRT‐PCR in M0 and M2 macrophages. Gene expression normalized to GAPDH . (F) The proportional change of CD68 + CD163 + cells upon induction was shown by IF. Scale bar, 100 µm. (G, H) Migration and invasion assays in M2 CCM‐treated versus M0 CCM‐treated <t>DU145</t> (G) and PC3 (H) cells. (I, J) The wound healing assay showed different migration rates of DU145 (I) and PC3 (J) cells upon M2 CCM treatment. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.
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    Image Search Results


    The PDPK1/AKT/FLT DPI and tenovin-6 (T6) show high anti-cancer efficacy in murine tumoroids and human PCa cell lines (A) Dose-response curves for DPI (top) and T6 (bottom) for in vivo and in vitro Pten KO (left), Pten/Stat3 KO (middle), and Pten/Tp53 KO (right) tumoroids. Points represent means of technical duplicates per tumoroid line ( N = 3). Curve fitting was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. (B) Bar graphs showing means and ±SD of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for DPI (top) and T6 (bottom) for in vivo and in vitro tumoroid lines of all genotypes ( N = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test). p > 0.05 if not specified otherwise, ∗ p ≤ 0.05. (C) Bar graphs depicting means and ±SD of IC50 values of DPI (left) and T6 (right) on human PCa cell lines. 22RV1: primary PCa; LNCaP: metastatic PCa; DU145, PC3: metastatic castration-resistant PCa ( N = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 (one-way ANOVA). p > 0.05 if not specified otherwise, ∗ p ≤ 0.05; ∗∗ p ≤ 0.01. (D) Heatmaps of synergy scores calculated with the highest single agent (HSA) model for DPI and enzalutamide (left), and T6 and enzalutamide (right) on the human LNCaP cell line. Values > 0 represent synergistic effects, and values < 0 represent antagonistic effects. IC50 concentrations of respective compounds are underlined ( N = 3). See also .

    Journal: Cell Reports Methods

    Article Title: Biobank of genetically defined murine prostate cancer tumoroids uncovers oncogenic pathways and drug vulnerabilities driven by PTEN-loss

    doi: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101370

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The PDPK1/AKT/FLT DPI and tenovin-6 (T6) show high anti-cancer efficacy in murine tumoroids and human PCa cell lines (A) Dose-response curves for DPI (top) and T6 (bottom) for in vivo and in vitro Pten KO (left), Pten/Stat3 KO (middle), and Pten/Tp53 KO (right) tumoroids. Points represent means of technical duplicates per tumoroid line ( N = 3). Curve fitting was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2. (B) Bar graphs showing means and ±SD of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for DPI (top) and T6 (bottom) for in vivo and in vitro tumoroid lines of all genotypes ( N = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test). p > 0.05 if not specified otherwise, ∗ p ≤ 0.05. (C) Bar graphs depicting means and ±SD of IC50 values of DPI (left) and T6 (right) on human PCa cell lines. 22RV1: primary PCa; LNCaP: metastatic PCa; DU145, PC3: metastatic castration-resistant PCa ( N = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 (one-way ANOVA). p > 0.05 if not specified otherwise, ∗ p ≤ 0.05; ∗∗ p ≤ 0.01. (D) Heatmaps of synergy scores calculated with the highest single agent (HSA) model for DPI and enzalutamide (left), and T6 and enzalutamide (right) on the human LNCaP cell line. Values > 0 represent synergistic effects, and values < 0 represent antagonistic effects. IC50 concentrations of respective compounds are underlined ( N = 3). See also .

    Article Snippet: Human DU145 metastatic PCa cell line , ATCC , HTB-81, RRID:CVCL_0105.

    Techniques: In Vivo, In Vitro, Concentration Assay

    Effects of compound 3b and 4b in migration, cell cycle progression, and MDA accumulation in PCa cells. (a) Representative images of DU145 cells migration upon scratch generation in a confluent monolayer. Time point 0 h (T = 0 h) or 60 h (T = 60 h) points post-incubation in presence of DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration, are shown. Scale bar = 100 µm. (b) Quantification of scratch area reduction over time normalised to the scratch area at T = 0 h. Wound healing was monitored at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h post-incubation with the indicated compounds. (c) Quantification of cell cycle distribution in DU145 cells treated with DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration for 24 h prior to cytofluorimetric analysis. The percentage of cells in each population is shown. (d) Total intracellular ALDH activity measured in DU145 cell lysates following pre-incubation with 20 µM 3b or 4b for 24 h at 37 °C. Cells were extensively washed prior to lysis to eliminate any non-covalently bound material. (e) Quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the same cell lysates. MDA concentration was measured and normalised to the total protein content of each sample, as determined by the Bradford assay. In all plots, error bars represent the standard deviation, and asterisks indicate statistical significance levels: p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.001 (***).

    Journal: Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

    Article Title: Targeting ALDH7A1 with covalent inhibitors reveals new chemical space for prostate cancer therapy

    doi: 10.1080/14756366.2026.2664708

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of compound 3b and 4b in migration, cell cycle progression, and MDA accumulation in PCa cells. (a) Representative images of DU145 cells migration upon scratch generation in a confluent monolayer. Time point 0 h (T = 0 h) or 60 h (T = 60 h) points post-incubation in presence of DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration, are shown. Scale bar = 100 µm. (b) Quantification of scratch area reduction over time normalised to the scratch area at T = 0 h. Wound healing was monitored at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h post-incubation with the indicated compounds. (c) Quantification of cell cycle distribution in DU145 cells treated with DMSO, compound 3b or compound 4b at 20 µM final concentration for 24 h prior to cytofluorimetric analysis. The percentage of cells in each population is shown. (d) Total intracellular ALDH activity measured in DU145 cell lysates following pre-incubation with 20 µM 3b or 4b for 24 h at 37 °C. Cells were extensively washed prior to lysis to eliminate any non-covalently bound material. (e) Quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the same cell lysates. MDA concentration was measured and normalised to the total protein content of each sample, as determined by the Bradford assay. In all plots, error bars represent the standard deviation, and asterisks indicate statistical significance levels: p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), and p ≤ 0.001 (***).

    Article Snippet: To validate the in vitro and in silico findings in a cellular context, the DU145 PCa cell line was selected as a suitable model due to its high expression of ALDH7A1, as reported in the Human Protein Atlas ( www.proteinatlas.org ).

    Techniques: Migration, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Activity Assay, Lysis, Bradford Assay, Standard Deviation

    . The results indicate that collagen type I (col1a1) and vimentin are expressed in both healthy and cancer-associated fibroblasts (HPFs and CAFs), confirming their mesenchymal identity. Conversely, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is detected exclusively in CAFs, reflecting their activation compared to the HPFs. As expected, CD31 is exclusively expressed in endothelial cells (ECFCs), while E-cadherin and claudin are only detected in epithelial cells (DU145), in accordance with their role in epithelial junctions. HSP90 was used as a loading control to ensure equal protein content across samples. HPF and CAF were derived from three different explants. Note that α-SMA expression differs among the three CAF samples, reflecting inter-patient biological variability.

    Journal: Bio-protocol

    Article Title: Non-Enzymatic Isolation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts From Human Prostate Tumor Explants

    doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.5614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: . The results indicate that collagen type I (col1a1) and vimentin are expressed in both healthy and cancer-associated fibroblasts (HPFs and CAFs), confirming their mesenchymal identity. Conversely, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is detected exclusively in CAFs, reflecting their activation compared to the HPFs. As expected, CD31 is exclusively expressed in endothelial cells (ECFCs), while E-cadherin and claudin are only detected in epithelial cells (DU145), in accordance with their role in epithelial junctions. HSP90 was used as a loading control to ensure equal protein content across samples. HPF and CAF were derived from three different explants. Note that α-SMA expression differs among the three CAF samples, reflecting inter-patient biological variability.

    Article Snippet: Human epithelial PCa cell line DU145 (RRID: CVCL 0105) obtained from ATCC and routinely tested for Mycoplasma contamination using the MycoAlert Mycoplasma Detection kit (Lonza, #LOLT07710) 4.

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Control, Derivative Assay, Expressing

    CCM of M2 macrophages promotes migration and invasion of PCa cells. (A) Illustration of the strategy used to induce M0 and M2 macrophages in human leukemia monocytic THP‐1 cells. THP‐1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages by incubation with 100 ng/mL phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) for 48 h. M0 macrophages were polarized into M2 macrophages by culturing in 20 ng/mL IL‐4 and IL‐10 for 48 h. (B) Characterization of morphological changes in the course of differentiation from THP‐1 cells to M2 macrophages under a light microscope. Scale bars, 200 µm (100×), 100 µm (200×), 50 µm (400×). (C) ELISA revealed elevated levels of secretory TGF‐β, CCL22, and VEGFA in the CCM of M2 macrophages compared with those of M0 macrophages. (D) Evaluation of M2 macrophage‐associated protein markers by flow cytometry before and after differentiation. (E) Verification of classical M2‐associated genes by qRT‐PCR in M0 and M2 macrophages. Gene expression normalized to GAPDH . (F) The proportional change of CD68 + CD163 + cells upon induction was shown by IF. Scale bar, 100 µm. (G, H) Migration and invasion assays in M2 CCM‐treated versus M0 CCM‐treated DU145 (G) and PC3 (H) cells. (I, J) The wound healing assay showed different migration rates of DU145 (I) and PC3 (J) cells upon M2 CCM treatment. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Journal: Advanced Science

    Article Title: Intercellular Horizontal Transfer of TXNDC5 mRNA via Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Tumor‐Associated Macrophage‐Mediated Prostate Cancer Metastasis

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202511052

    Figure Lengend Snippet: CCM of M2 macrophages promotes migration and invasion of PCa cells. (A) Illustration of the strategy used to induce M0 and M2 macrophages in human leukemia monocytic THP‐1 cells. THP‐1 cells were differentiated into M0 macrophages by incubation with 100 ng/mL phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) for 48 h. M0 macrophages were polarized into M2 macrophages by culturing in 20 ng/mL IL‐4 and IL‐10 for 48 h. (B) Characterization of morphological changes in the course of differentiation from THP‐1 cells to M2 macrophages under a light microscope. Scale bars, 200 µm (100×), 100 µm (200×), 50 µm (400×). (C) ELISA revealed elevated levels of secretory TGF‐β, CCL22, and VEGFA in the CCM of M2 macrophages compared with those of M0 macrophages. (D) Evaluation of M2 macrophage‐associated protein markers by flow cytometry before and after differentiation. (E) Verification of classical M2‐associated genes by qRT‐PCR in M0 and M2 macrophages. Gene expression normalized to GAPDH . (F) The proportional change of CD68 + CD163 + cells upon induction was shown by IF. Scale bar, 100 µm. (G, H) Migration and invasion assays in M2 CCM‐treated versus M0 CCM‐treated DU145 (G) and PC3 (H) cells. (I, J) The wound healing assay showed different migration rates of DU145 (I) and PC3 (J) cells upon M2 CCM treatment. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Article Snippet: Human PCa cell lines DU145 (HTB‐81, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0105) cells and murine RAW264.7 (TIB‐71, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0493) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (11965092, Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

    Techniques: Migration, Incubation, Light Microscopy, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression, Wound Healing Assay

    EVs are a crucial contributor to M2 macrophage‐mediated migration and invasion of PCa cells. (A,B) Migration, invasion (A), and wound healing assay (B) of DU145 and PC3 cells treated with M2 CCM, EV‐depleted M2 CCM, or M2 CCM plus GW4869. (C) Quantitative statistics for the above experiment. (D‐E) Migration, invasion (D), and wound healing assay (E) of DU145 and PC3 cells treated with 50 µg/mL M0 or M2 EVs. (F) Quantitative statistics for the above (D‐E) experiment. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Journal: Advanced Science

    Article Title: Intercellular Horizontal Transfer of TXNDC5 mRNA via Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Tumor‐Associated Macrophage‐Mediated Prostate Cancer Metastasis

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202511052

    Figure Lengend Snippet: EVs are a crucial contributor to M2 macrophage‐mediated migration and invasion of PCa cells. (A,B) Migration, invasion (A), and wound healing assay (B) of DU145 and PC3 cells treated with M2 CCM, EV‐depleted M2 CCM, or M2 CCM plus GW4869. (C) Quantitative statistics for the above experiment. (D‐E) Migration, invasion (D), and wound healing assay (E) of DU145 and PC3 cells treated with 50 µg/mL M0 or M2 EVs. (F) Quantitative statistics for the above (D‐E) experiment. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Article Snippet: Human PCa cell lines DU145 (HTB‐81, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0105) cells and murine RAW264.7 (TIB‐71, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0493) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (11965092, Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

    Techniques: Migration, Wound Healing Assay

    M2 EVs are internalized by PCa cells and mediate MLS transition in recipient cells. (A, B) The internalization of both M0 and M2 EVs by DU145 (A) and PC3 (B) cells was shown by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 µm. (C) GO analysis in PC3 cells based on the difference between treatment with 50 µg/mL M0 EVs and M2 EVs. (D) Regulation of MLS‐related markers in DU145 and PC3 after treatment with EVs based on qRT‐PCR analysis. (E) Characterization of MLS‐related protein markers with western blotting following treatment with 50 µg/mL M0 or M2 EVs. (F, G) Migration and invasion of DU145 and PC3 cells treated with M0 EVs (Con), MLSi, M2 EVs, and M2 EVs + MLSi (F). Quantitative statistics for the above experiment (G). MLSi: an MLS inhibitor Apigenin, 10 µM. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Journal: Advanced Science

    Article Title: Intercellular Horizontal Transfer of TXNDC5 mRNA via Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Tumor‐Associated Macrophage‐Mediated Prostate Cancer Metastasis

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202511052

    Figure Lengend Snippet: M2 EVs are internalized by PCa cells and mediate MLS transition in recipient cells. (A, B) The internalization of both M0 and M2 EVs by DU145 (A) and PC3 (B) cells was shown by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 µm. (C) GO analysis in PC3 cells based on the difference between treatment with 50 µg/mL M0 EVs and M2 EVs. (D) Regulation of MLS‐related markers in DU145 and PC3 after treatment with EVs based on qRT‐PCR analysis. (E) Characterization of MLS‐related protein markers with western blotting following treatment with 50 µg/mL M0 or M2 EVs. (F, G) Migration and invasion of DU145 and PC3 cells treated with M0 EVs (Con), MLSi, M2 EVs, and M2 EVs + MLSi (F). Quantitative statistics for the above experiment (G). MLSi: an MLS inhibitor Apigenin, 10 µM. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Article Snippet: Human PCa cell lines DU145 (HTB‐81, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0105) cells and murine RAW264.7 (TIB‐71, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0493) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (11965092, Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

    Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Migration

    TXNDC5 is the key mediator of M2 EVs‐induced PCa cell migration and invasion. (A) Venn diagram illustrating the cross‐analysis of upregulated genes in DU145 and PC3 cells following M2 EVs treatment based on RNA sequencing. The analysis integrated two independent DU145 datasets (M2 EV vs. M0 EV; 6 vs. 3 and 3 vs. 3) and one PC3 dataset (M2 EV vs. M0 EV; 4 vs. 3). Significantly upregulated genes (Foldchange > 1.5, p < 0.05) from the two DU145 datasets were combined (union) and subsequently intersected with upregulated genes from the PC3 dataset to define the final core set of conserved targets. (B) Pan‐cancer analysis of TXNDC5 mRNA expression across multiple cancer types from the TCGA database. (C) TXNDC5 expression in PCa tissues and normal prostate tissues based on public transcriptome data using the Xiantao Academic cloud platform. (D) Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showing the association between TXNDC5 expression and PCa patient prognosis. (E, F) Representative IHC images (E) and quantitative analysis (F) of TXNDC5 protein expression in primary lesions of mPCa and nmPCa. Scale bar, 50 µm and 25 µm (for magnification). (G) Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) analysis of the correlation between TXNDC5 expression and the infiltration of all macrophages or M2 macrophages. (H‐N) Changes of migration, invasion (H, I) and wound healing abilities (J, K) of DU145 and PC3 cells with TXNDC5 knockdown. Quantitative statistics for the above experiment (L‐N). All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Journal: Advanced Science

    Article Title: Intercellular Horizontal Transfer of TXNDC5 mRNA via Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Tumor‐Associated Macrophage‐Mediated Prostate Cancer Metastasis

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202511052

    Figure Lengend Snippet: TXNDC5 is the key mediator of M2 EVs‐induced PCa cell migration and invasion. (A) Venn diagram illustrating the cross‐analysis of upregulated genes in DU145 and PC3 cells following M2 EVs treatment based on RNA sequencing. The analysis integrated two independent DU145 datasets (M2 EV vs. M0 EV; 6 vs. 3 and 3 vs. 3) and one PC3 dataset (M2 EV vs. M0 EV; 4 vs. 3). Significantly upregulated genes (Foldchange > 1.5, p < 0.05) from the two DU145 datasets were combined (union) and subsequently intersected with upregulated genes from the PC3 dataset to define the final core set of conserved targets. (B) Pan‐cancer analysis of TXNDC5 mRNA expression across multiple cancer types from the TCGA database. (C) TXNDC5 expression in PCa tissues and normal prostate tissues based on public transcriptome data using the Xiantao Academic cloud platform. (D) Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showing the association between TXNDC5 expression and PCa patient prognosis. (E, F) Representative IHC images (E) and quantitative analysis (F) of TXNDC5 protein expression in primary lesions of mPCa and nmPCa. Scale bar, 50 µm and 25 µm (for magnification). (G) Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) analysis of the correlation between TXNDC5 expression and the infiltration of all macrophages or M2 macrophages. (H‐N) Changes of migration, invasion (H, I) and wound healing abilities (J, K) of DU145 and PC3 cells with TXNDC5 knockdown. Quantitative statistics for the above experiment (L‐N). All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Article Snippet: Human PCa cell lines DU145 (HTB‐81, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0105) cells and murine RAW264.7 (TIB‐71, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0493) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (11965092, Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

    Techniques: Migration, RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Knockdown

    M2 macrophages promote PCa metastasis via horizontal TXNDC5 mRNA transfer. (A) Demonstration of efficient inhibition of de novo TXNDC5 mRNA synthesis in DU145 and PC3 cells with 1 µg/mL actinomycin D at 6 and 24 h. (B) TXNDC5 mRNA levels in PCa cells under transcriptional inhibition. TXNDC5 mRNA levels were measured at 0 h (Con, 0 h) as a baseline, and at 6 h post‐inhibition in cells receiving no EVs (Con, 6 h), M0 EVs (50 µg/mL), or M2 EVs (50 µg/mL). (C) Schematic depiction of the generation of PKH67‐labeled M2 EVs containing Cy5‐tagged TXNDC5 ‐ Flag mRNA. (D) Single‐particle analysis by nFCM validating the successful generation of positive (PKH67⁺/Cy5⁺) EVs groups. (E, F) Validation of the protective role of EV lipid bilayer via RNase and Triton treatment (E). Quantitative statistics of P1 (PKH67⁺/Cy5⁺), P2 (PKH67−/Cy5⁺ group), P4 (PKH67⁺/Cy5− group) subgroups for the above experiment (F). (G) Confocal microscopy images showing internalization of dual‐labeled M2 EVs (PKH67, green; Cy5‐ TXNDC5 mRNA, red) by DU145 and PC3 cells. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 20 µm. (H, I) Quantitative comparison of mRNA loading efficiency between M0 and M2 EVs, shown by (H) the percentage of total mRNA‐carrying EVs (P1+P2) and (I) the ratio of mRNA‐carrying to total macrophage‐derived EVs (P1/[P1+P4]). (J) Western blotting analysis of Flag‐tagged protein expression in PCa cells after treatment with M0 or M2 EVs loaded with identical amounts of TXNDC5‐Flag mRNA. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Journal: Advanced Science

    Article Title: Intercellular Horizontal Transfer of TXNDC5 mRNA via Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Tumor‐Associated Macrophage‐Mediated Prostate Cancer Metastasis

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202511052

    Figure Lengend Snippet: M2 macrophages promote PCa metastasis via horizontal TXNDC5 mRNA transfer. (A) Demonstration of efficient inhibition of de novo TXNDC5 mRNA synthesis in DU145 and PC3 cells with 1 µg/mL actinomycin D at 6 and 24 h. (B) TXNDC5 mRNA levels in PCa cells under transcriptional inhibition. TXNDC5 mRNA levels were measured at 0 h (Con, 0 h) as a baseline, and at 6 h post‐inhibition in cells receiving no EVs (Con, 6 h), M0 EVs (50 µg/mL), or M2 EVs (50 µg/mL). (C) Schematic depiction of the generation of PKH67‐labeled M2 EVs containing Cy5‐tagged TXNDC5 ‐ Flag mRNA. (D) Single‐particle analysis by nFCM validating the successful generation of positive (PKH67⁺/Cy5⁺) EVs groups. (E, F) Validation of the protective role of EV lipid bilayer via RNase and Triton treatment (E). Quantitative statistics of P1 (PKH67⁺/Cy5⁺), P2 (PKH67−/Cy5⁺ group), P4 (PKH67⁺/Cy5− group) subgroups for the above experiment (F). (G) Confocal microscopy images showing internalization of dual‐labeled M2 EVs (PKH67, green; Cy5‐ TXNDC5 mRNA, red) by DU145 and PC3 cells. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 20 µm. (H, I) Quantitative comparison of mRNA loading efficiency between M0 and M2 EVs, shown by (H) the percentage of total mRNA‐carrying EVs (P1+P2) and (I) the ratio of mRNA‐carrying to total macrophage‐derived EVs (P1/[P1+P4]). (J) Western blotting analysis of Flag‐tagged protein expression in PCa cells after treatment with M0 or M2 EVs loaded with identical amounts of TXNDC5‐Flag mRNA. All experiments were repeated three times. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Article Snippet: Human PCa cell lines DU145 (HTB‐81, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0105) cells and murine RAW264.7 (TIB‐71, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0493) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (11965092, Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

    Techniques: Inhibition, Labeling, Single Particle, Biomarker Discovery, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Comparison, Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Expressing

    TXNDC5 in M2 EVs drives MLS and metastatic progression in vitro and in vivo. (A–C) Migration, invasion (A), and wound healing assay (B) of DU145 and PC3 cells treated with 50 µg/mL M2 EVs and M2 EVs shTXNDC5 . Quantitative statistics for the above experiment (C). (D) Western blotting of MLS‐related markers of PCa cells treated with 50 µg/mL M2 EVs or M2 EVs shTXNDC5 . (E) Schematic diagram of the in vivo experimental design: DU145‐Luc cells pretreated with EVs were intracardially injected, followed by repeated EV administration via the tail vein. EV‐treated PCa cells are injected into the left ventricle of nude mice (day 0). 5 mg/kg EVs of three types were routinely injected into the tail vein of the mice at day 0, day 3, and day 6. The animals were subjected to downstream analyses at day 9 ( n = 6). (F,G) In vivo metastasis assessment by bioluminescence imaging. Representative whole‐body bioluminescence images (F). and quantification of total flux (G) showed that M2 EVs enhanced metastatic burden, which was attenuated by M2 EVs shTXNDC5 . (H) Representative H&E‐stained lung sections harvested from mice treated with control, M2 EVs or M2 EVs shTXNDC5 . Scale bar, 2 mm. (I, J) IHC analysis of MLS markers in lung metastases. Representative images (I) and quantitative scoring (J) showing expression of N‐Cadherin, SLUG, and ZEB1 in the control (M0 EVs), M2 EVs, and M2 EVs shTXNDC5 group. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Journal: Advanced Science

    Article Title: Intercellular Horizontal Transfer of TXNDC5 mRNA via Extracellular Vesicles Contributes to Tumor‐Associated Macrophage‐Mediated Prostate Cancer Metastasis

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202511052

    Figure Lengend Snippet: TXNDC5 in M2 EVs drives MLS and metastatic progression in vitro and in vivo. (A–C) Migration, invasion (A), and wound healing assay (B) of DU145 and PC3 cells treated with 50 µg/mL M2 EVs and M2 EVs shTXNDC5 . Quantitative statistics for the above experiment (C). (D) Western blotting of MLS‐related markers of PCa cells treated with 50 µg/mL M2 EVs or M2 EVs shTXNDC5 . (E) Schematic diagram of the in vivo experimental design: DU145‐Luc cells pretreated with EVs were intracardially injected, followed by repeated EV administration via the tail vein. EV‐treated PCa cells are injected into the left ventricle of nude mice (day 0). 5 mg/kg EVs of three types were routinely injected into the tail vein of the mice at day 0, day 3, and day 6. The animals were subjected to downstream analyses at day 9 ( n = 6). (F,G) In vivo metastasis assessment by bioluminescence imaging. Representative whole‐body bioluminescence images (F). and quantification of total flux (G) showed that M2 EVs enhanced metastatic burden, which was attenuated by M2 EVs shTXNDC5 . (H) Representative H&E‐stained lung sections harvested from mice treated with control, M2 EVs or M2 EVs shTXNDC5 . Scale bar, 2 mm. (I, J) IHC analysis of MLS markers in lung metastases. Representative images (I) and quantitative scoring (J) showing expression of N‐Cadherin, SLUG, and ZEB1 in the control (M0 EVs), M2 EVs, and M2 EVs shTXNDC5 group. Data presented as the mean ± SD. * , p < 0.05; ** , p < 0.01; *** , p < 0.001; **** , p < 0.0001; and ns for non‐significant data.

    Article Snippet: Human PCa cell lines DU145 (HTB‐81, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0105) cells and murine RAW264.7 (TIB‐71, ATCC, RRID: CVCL_0493) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (11965092, Gibco) supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

    Techniques: In Vitro, In Vivo, Migration, Wound Healing Assay, Western Blot, Injection, Imaging, Staining, Control, Expressing